Hi Christain
Yes, we have the option to translate all the data using Translation option on the menu bar. where we can translate the data into different languages, for that we need to Install the language packer settings in SMLT T-code. check with your basis team whether its been Installed or not.
Below is the process where you need to maintain each data into different languages at a single time
lets take a example of changing the Absence types names into other languages
now select the desired language that you want to maintain
As we have Installed only few languages as per our requirement so that they will be appearing at the time of Translation. Ask your Basis team to Install languages as per your requirement.
check the configurations you have maintained till now & try the following activity to translate the texts & login with the desired language & check the data.
Check this link regarding Language settings in SAP
Installation of Languages on SAP systems
Hope this Info
will be useful
Cheers 
Pradyp